Monday, January 27, 2020

The Negative Impacts Of Globalisation

The Negative Impacts Of Globalisation Pepperell reviews the inherent developments that characterize the process of globalisation and the implication that they have had on Algerians culture. In chapter one, he ascertains that globalisation has had significant impacts on the Algerian football and sport. Increasingly, the teams are expected to adhere to certain standards in order to attain global recognition. Thus their traditional values suffer detrimental effects as a result of erosion. The only limitation for this study pertains to its limited scope. Ngwainmbi, E. (2000), Africa in the Global Infosupermarket: Perspectives and Prospects. Journal of Black Studies, 30 (4), p 534-52 The author cites that technological advancements have adverse effects on the cultural and value systems of developing countries such as Africa. According to him, it has culminated in inequality as very few individuals can afford the technology and employ it for beneficial purposes. He recommends that respective governments are still faced with the challenge of educating the masses about the importance of technology and empowering them to have unlimited access to it. The study was considered important for the subject under review because of its useful insights regarding the impacts of technology on African culture. Barber, B.S. (1995), Jihad vs. McWorld, London: Random House The author describes globalisation as a process which produces a backlash. As a reaction to the supposed loss of their traditional values, lots of people from the third world retreat into religious fundamentalism. Barber was the first who puts Jihad and McWorld together. Herman, E. R. McChesney (1997), The Global Media: The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism. New York: Continuum The authors put into focus the main agent of the spreading out of predominantly U.S values over the globe: The Media. For Herman McChesney, globalisation of media is predominantly related to capitalism and any expansion of a global culture destabilises the countrys ability to protect its Own culture, which is undermined by the wide-reaching wave of consumer culture. Rudra, N. (2002), Globalisation and the Decline of Welfare State in Less-Developed Countries, International Organization, Vol.56, p 411-445. Rudra explores the social and cultural issues in developing countries and underscores their relationship to globalisation. She maintains that Algeria for instance suffers the negative impacts of unemployment, low political power and lack of vital skills. She challenges political leaders to be more responsible about improving social welfare programs. By highlighting the relationship between social and cultural concerns and globalisation in Algeria, the study contributed immensely to the subject under review. Mander, J Goldsmith, E. (1996), The Case Against the Global Economy and for a Turn Toward the Local, San Francisco: Sierra Club Books The authors have provided useful information regarding the negative impacts of globalisation on the cultural aspect of the society. By use of essays, they recommend that developing countries need to use local technologies in order to enhance sustainability. Various deductions that are related to this study contribute significantly to the review at hand. Bhargava, R. (2003), India in the face of globalisation, [Online]: http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-world/article_1006.jsp. Accessed on 05/08/2010 In his article, India in the face of globalisation, Rajeev Bhargava agrees to the only negative facets of globalisation and states that globalisation has to be combated, tamed or at least given a more human face. The focus was on globalisation in terms of how it affects both culture and trade in everydays world life. Schirato, T Webb, D. (2003), Understanding Globalisation, London: Sage The author dedicates an entire chapter to the exploration of the impacts of globalisation on culture within the developing world. From his point of view, third world economies that have blindly adopted international policies as opposed to domesticating them are likely to suffer devastating impacts as opposed to their counterparts. Speth, J. (2003), Worlds Apart: Globalisation and the Environment, USA: Island Press Speth asserts that globalisation has made the native societies to explore economic benefits of natural resources. This has culminated in environmental deterioration as a result of erosion of cultural values that were fundamental in environmental conservation. It is for this consideration that he study was considered imperative for the subject under review. Hefner, R.W. (1998), Market Cultures, Society and Morality in the New Asian Capitalism, Boulder, CO: Westview Press. In discussions of cultural identity and Islam which is the religion of 99% of Algerian population, the author states that consumer culture has more often damaging effects on religion in terms of pleasure and hedonism. Marling, W. (2006), How America is Globalisation, Baltimore: J.H University Press The author ascertains the Americanization has had negative impacts on the local languages, education systems and eating habits of the natives societies. This has in return culminated in a change in local cultures as American values are adopted to address the needs of the native societies. The in depth exploration of these concerns influenced the adoption of this review for the current study. Schumpeter J. (1975), Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy New York: Harper The author is the 1st one who famously labelled capitalism as a process of creative destruction. Although this worldwide expansion may help to boost economic, political and technological development, lots of people around the globe are worried about the impact that the capitalist phenomenon on the most precious characteristics of their cultural identity. Even though, globalisation can be considered as an extremely educational process by giving opportunities to gain new ideas and experiences, no destruction can be considered as creative. Cowen, T. (2002), Creative Destruction, How Globalisation is Changing the Worlds Cultures, New Jersey: Princeton University Press Reporting the work of Joseph Schumpeter (capitalism is a process of Creative Destruction.), the author uses a wide array of examples to underscore the different impacts of globalisation on world cultures. Essentially, he indicates that this has culminated in the development of a global culture and diversity has been compromised. He cites developing countries such as Algeria to have suffered the most because their cultural attributes are seldom incorporated in the world culture. It is for this reason that this study was considered imperative for this study. Hjavard, S. (2010), The globalisation of language, How Media Contribute to the Spread Of English and the Emergence of Medialects, [Online]: http://nordicom.gu.se/common/publ_pdf/157_075-098.pdf, Accessed on 19/07/2010 Hjavard asserts that the English language (French for Algeria) has increasingly assumed an elevated position is global operations. The article affirms that the media has played an integral role in perpetuating this state of affirms. Notably, Algeria has not been exempted from this and a global language is employed in communication. This has had negative impacts on the languages of the natives that have been threatened by erosion. Skutnabb-Kangas, T Phillipson, R. (2001), Language ecology: Dominance, Minoritization, Linguicide and Linguistic Rights. Copenhagen: Marianne The authors speak of linguistic genocide and point accusing fingers at cultural globalisation. Among the principal perpetrators of this linguistic (and cultural) genocide are formal education and mass media, and behind them are economic and political actors on a macro-level. Instead of speaking of death, which signifies a natural and unavoidable process, the 2 authors use the term mass murder to point out the premeditated nature of the phenomenon. Muyale-Manenji, F. (2007), The Effects of Globalisation on the Culture of Africa in the Eyes of an African Woman, [Online]: http://wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/jpc/effglob.html Accessed on 19/07/2010 The article ascertains that in the modern time, culture has become increasingly dynamic as a result of globalisation. The Algerian experience has not been exceptional as cultural aspects such as music, language and mode of dressing among others are exposed to various changes on a daily basis. It is for this reason that the study was considered imperative for the subject under review. Lipton, M. (1977), Why Poor People Stay Poor, Urban Bias in World Development, London: Temple Smith The author indicates that the current state of developing economies can be contributed to a blind assumption of western modes of production. The erosion of critical values according to him has contributed to the current crisis. The impacts of globalisation have been implicated for this state of affairs. Pereira, W Seabrook, J. (1994), Global Parasites, Five Hundred Years of Western Culture, Bombay: Earthcare Books To begin with, the authors indicate that the current state of developing countries with regard to culture is worrying. This can be attributed to the globalisation trends that have compelled traditional communities to assume modern cultural values. This has led to assumption of western practices at the expense of the welfare of the locals. Western countries are labelled parasites by the authors because of the inherent lack of sustainability and injustice of the relationships they share with developing economies. Shiva, V. (1988), Staying Alive, Women Ecology and Development, London: Zed Books As a woman the author begins by underscoring the benefits of women on the environment. She indicates that women of developing countries used to interact in a sustainable manner with the environment before the introduction of globalisation. She blames globalisation for erosion of vital cultural beliefs, practices and taboos that were imperative in environmental protection. Huntington, P. (1993), The Clash of Civilization, Foreign Affairs, 72(3), p 22 In a journal article titled The Clash of Civilizations, which was later developed into a full book, the Harvard University Professor has produced one of the influencing later work on the concept that cultural identity will be the principal aspect that divides the world. He states: The fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. (1993, p 22) Huntington, P. (1996), The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York: Touchstone Huntington states that globalisation has had far reaching impacts on global populations. This is because most of its values and virtues conflict with the traditional value system. Specifically, cultural aspects of traditional populations in countries such as Algeria have suffered the most as they have been eroded. This information was considered important for the study at hand. Schaeffer, K. (2002), Understanding Globalisation, The Social Consequences of Political, Economic and Environmental Change, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield The author provides important information regarding the social consequences of globalisation. With regard to the cultural transformations, the author cites that the development of a global culture has enabled all countries to assume similar values and virtues that are fundamental for harmonic living. Native populations of Algeria according to the author can be able to interact effectively with the rest of the global populations. With an economy that is depended on the production of other countries, this is undoubtedly essential for effective functioning. Waters, M. (1995), Globalisation, London: Rutledge According to waters, one main impact that globalisation has had on the population of the developing countries such as Algeria is the migration of individuals to other parts of the globe in search for better standards of living. This is because of the adoption of new cultural ideals which have had both positive and negative impacts. Hjavard, S. (2010), The globalisation of language, How Media Contribute to the Spread Of English and the Emergence of Medialects, [Online]: http://nordicom.gu.se/common/publ_pdf/157_075-098.pdf Accessed on 19/07/2010. This paper highlights the supremacy of English language over other languages. As English language has progressed toward paramountcy, the status of other languages such as French, Spanish, Arabic, German, Russian, etc., has changed. At the same time, lots of languages and dialects are actually in danger of disappearance. Some hundreds of languages are considered to be spoken by very few, elderly people if not virtually extinct. Rich, B. (1994), Mortgaging the Earth: The World Bank, Environmental Impoverishment and Crisis of Development, Boston: Beacon Press, The author indicates that current developments have increasingly undermined environmental sustainability. The underlying objectives of economic development have been questioned by the author on the premise that they essentially seek to benefit the north. The South on the other hand suffers devastating effects that stem from assumption of western cultural ideals. Dayan, D. (2001), The Peculiar Public of Television. Media, Culture and Society, 23 (6), pp 743-765. The author argues that the development of a common global culture was greatly contributed to by technology such as television. This enlaces free flow of information to different segments of the society. Since it has portrayed the western culture to be ideal, traditional culture in the South is threatened by complete erosion.

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Where Do You Find the Bodies??

The lack of planning involved from local managers to corporate headquarters is affecting their Boomtown, Colorado location significantly. The Auto Service Center management and supervisors are not doing enough to influence the strategic direction of their Boomtown location and they are not analyzing the environment efficiently. From the gathered statistics about the fifty percent increase in population and three percent unemployment, we know the towns economic richness is on the rise.The top management of Auto Service Center should utilize the human resources In the organization more Intelligently. Human resource planning will ensure your employees have the competencies and skills required for your business to succeed. An efficient plan will help determine the resources needed, prepare you for staff turnover, recruitment, and strategic hilling. Failure to anticipate changes in the workforce often leads to you making Irrational decision. In essence Auto Service Center is not implement ing proper recruitment: maintain distraction with current employees or developing their managers to suit their long term organizational goals.Implementing a proper human resource plan will clear up common misunderstandings between top management, supervisors and employees while achieving other plans and strategies. The organization should resolve underlying issues so a motivated and committed workforce can operate effectively. Currently, without a proper human resource plan in place the Boomtown location for Auto Service Center will suffer in output and contribution in a situation where the opposite is easily possible.Milt Sonorant is in an awkward situation because his short term solution in hiring new mechanics will lead to same results without proper strategic planning and hiring. 2. The Auto Service Center top management and supervisors are not determining the right recruitment needs in Boomtown. An important part of the recruitment process is to avoid previous mistakes, anticip ate shortages, and reduce dissatisfaction in the process. Not only does Milt Sonorant need to recruit the right response he also needs to establish the training needs of employees.Training programs are important for improving quality and skills of employees In the organization. Without the proper funding and schedule a training program can create dissatisfaction from managers and employees. Auto Service Center must understand the costs and benefits of hilling and the risks of not hiring. Several different strategies could be used In hilling new mechanics at Boomtown, Colorado such as entering different labor markets, Improving relations In local labor market, advertising electronically, attending Job fairs, producing Job and task descriptions.However, a proper Job analysis should be conducted for Auto Service Center to determine the person who would fit the organization properly. Overall, multiple recruitment methods could be used by Auto Service Center to recruit the proper mechani c in their Boomtown location. Where Do You Find the Bodies † By mossback 1. I believe the case â€Å"Where Do You Find the Bodies † illustrates the lack of human utilize the human resources in the organization more intelligently. Human resource deed, prepare you for staff turnover, recruitment, and strategic hiring.Failure to anticipate changes in the workforce often leads to you making irrational decision. In essence Auto Service Center is not implementing proper recruitment; maintain programs are important for improving quality and skills of employees in the understand the costs and benefits of hiring and the risks of not hiring. Several different strategies could be used in hiring new mechanics at Boomtown, Colorado such as entering different labor markets, improving relations in local labor market,

Saturday, January 11, 2020

A history of Latin America Essay

It was during the European colonial expansion that Brazil fell under Portugal as a colony. Colonization in Brazil spanned the period between 1500 to year 1815. Portugal was interested in Brazil for a number of reasons that included the hope of getting minerals, raw materials as well as slave trade and labor to among other interests. The colonization of Brazil had some effect on the native way of life, with most of these effects having had a lasting effect to date. It’s worth noting that from the history of Brazil, France also had an interest in Brazil but could not stand up to Portugal which had taken the control of this part of the world through the signing of a treaty. The Portugal king known as king Manuel 1 who was reigning then wanted the colony to be ruled under a system of 15 hereditary captaincies- a fit that failed to work due to large-scale failure. The system gave way to royal enterprise in 1549. The following essay describes the causes and the effects of the Portuguese colonialism in Brazil. Causes of colonialism There are a number of things that preceded the Portuguese entry into and colonization of Brazil. Following the signing of the treaty of Tordelsillas in the year 1494 that facilitated the division of the world between Spain and Portugal, all land falling to the east was taken up by Portugal while Spain took up the land on the western side. In the year 1500, a navigator, Captain Pedro Alvares Cabral in charge of a fleet of 13 ships trailing the route taken by Vasco da Gama to India, landed in Brazil. He possessed this land for king Manuel 1 as an overseas colonial land for Portugal. His possession of the land made it a colonial land for Portugal (Sweet 2007p233). The Portuguese expressed their interest in Brazil due to the presence of raw materials that proved to be valuable for Portugal. One of the raw materials that Portugal got from Brazil includes the Brazilwood tree from which dark wood and red dye could be extracted. The Brazilwood was readily available in the Brazilian rainforest where it grew naturally. The red dye was exported to Europe where it was useful in staining luxurious textile for trading. The dark wood was sought for commercial purposes as well- specifically for sale within the European markets. The Portugal colonial system was also interested in growing sugar cane from Brazil for use in making of wine and for exporting to Portugal. An interest in other agricultural products of the nature of cash crops also interested the Portugal royal government that was reigning under the king Manuel 1 to take up Brazil as a colony. The cash crops drawn from Brazil included cotton and tobacco. These two cash crops were exported to Europe for sale in the European market. Portugal was interested in Brazil due to the prospect of getting slaves for labor and trade. The plantations in Europe required free labor that slaves could provide. Portugal marked Brazil as a potential area where for getting slaves for their plantations in Europe or for trading them. Even though the Portugal authorities had managed to transact some of the slaves with a Brazilian origin, the coming of the Jesuits in Brazil greatly led to the fall of the trade since they were opposed to the trade. This forced the Portugal authorities to embark on importing slaves from West Africa. At the same time, labor was greatly needed in the sugar plantations in Brazil. The natives provided this labor in exchange of scissors, axes, mirrors and knives while some were captured and forced to provide the labor as slaves (Morris 2006p34). Another reason why Portuguese had an interest in Brazil was because they were hoping to get minerals that they could use for their industries in Portugal or sell them in the European market. Though initially no minerals were found, some deposits of gold and later diamonds were found in the 18th century in the interior of Brazil by the bandeirantes. The area where gold deposits were found is known as the Minas Gerais mines. Deposits of diamond were found in 1729 in a village known as the Tujico village- the present day Diamantina. The French had expressed an interest n the land of Brazil as it was attracted to the Brazilwood and the prospect of mining some minerals from the land. This forced Portuguese to take up the land for establishing colonial rule in it before the French powers could take it over. Even though Portuguese had already possessed the land of Brazil, the heavy presence of the French military along the cost of Brazil forced the Portuguese to set the colonial powers and use military power to evacuate the French from the Brazilian coast (Leftwich 1999p156). Effects of Portuguese colonialism in Brazil The presence of the Portuguese colonial power in Brazil affected a number of the native life of the people in Brazil. Colonialism led to the widespread and adoption of the catholic faith in worship. This was a result of the coming of the Jesuits, who were led by the first governor, Tome de Sousa. The Jesuits made a great representation of the religious enterprise, setting missions within Brazil and actively converting the natives into the catholic faith. Another consequence of the Portuguese colonial powers in Brazil is the death of a great number of people due to wars that pervaded the colony. The natives were opposed to the colonial powers and therefore staged resistances that led to the death of many natives. An example of the native revolts is the Guarani war of the year 1756 where the native were fighting the Portuguese authorities as a protest against slave trade. The native guaranis were assisted by the Jesuits who also opposed slave trade and labor (Chasteen 2001 p251). The colonial era in Brazil also played a great role in the proliferation of the people of the African origin in Brazil. Since Brazil drew a lot of slaves from the West African region to work within the plantations in Brazil, a very large number of Africans settled within the Brazilian land after the slave trade was abolished since they had no way of going back to Africa even when they were set free (Freyre 2008 p458). There was a proliferation of infectious diseases that were brought by the colonialist from Europe to Brazil. The natives had no natural immunity against these diseases and this led to the death of a great number of natives from these foreign diseases. The colonial powers also led to the embrace of the sugar cane growing in agricultural sector for export. Since sugar cane had such a high demand within the European market, the expansion of the sugar cane sector drew great profits. This sector however received a blow and fell once the Dutch and the French started cultivating and exporting sugarcane to the European market. Since Antilles- the area where Dutch and the French produced the sugar was much closer to Europe, the sugar prices fell drastically towards the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century during which time the sugar industry on Brazil fell. The colonial powers within Brazil also led to the founding of the Rio de Janeiro city in the year 1565 by the governor general Estacio de Sa’. He established Rio de Janeiro as the capital of Brazil in the year 1763 from Salvador. At the same time, a number of changes took place with the cities in Brazil. The estados – states- in Brazil had been divided and separated so that they were headed by the city council prior to the year 1763. The city councils were composed of top figures within the Brazilian land including the merchants, land owners and business men. Since Brazil was to big to be administered by the royal government, there arose a need to divide this area into smaller estates. The states of Brasil, Maranhao, and Grao-para were unified into Brazilian viceroyalty in the year 1763 and Rio de Janeiro was set as the capital of these cities. This helped to destroy the divisions that were created in the early days of the colonial invasion (Freyre 2008 p457). There was the creation of a number of towns in south Brazil. Some of the towns created include Colonia de Sacramento, Alores islands, and Porto Alegre among other towns. As essay shows, there are a number of major changes that took place with the expansion of the Portuguese power in Brazil. The native Brazilians abandoned their cultural way of life and adopted the life that the Portuguese were living in terms of dress code, food eaten, and the religion adopted (Keller 2006p517). Conclusion Expansion of the European powers into the rest of the world during the colonial era led to major changes and experiences into the areas that these countries set their colonial power. In the case of Brazil, changes that took place were experienced over the whole range of the living including their social living, political life and religion among other areas. The effect of the colonial powers is still felt in Brazil to the present day. References Chasteen J (2001) Born in blood and fire: a concise history of Latin America, Norton p251 Freyre G (2008) The masters and the slaves (Casa-grande & senzala) Brazilian civilization, University of Texas p457, 458 Keller (2006) Colonization study, founding of new societies. Ginn & Company p517 Leftwich A (1999) Redefining politics; populace, property, and power, Taylor & Francis p156 Morris H (2006) History of Colonialism from the Earliest Times Present Day, University of Michigan p34 Sweet W (2007) A history of Latin America. The Abingdon Press p233

Friday, January 3, 2020

The World Of Knowledge And Great Unknowns - 1087 Words

In this world of great knowledge and great unknowns, there are many questions that are asked about the world around us as well as questions that we ask ourselves about various topics. One topic in particular philosophers have been pondering for several years is personal identity. What makes a person at an earlier time numerically identical with a person at a later time? What accounts for, explains, or constitutes being one and the same individual? When asking these questions, they pertain to what constitutes identity for humans over time. These are questions of personal survival. These questions are important because they make us think about ourselves in a bigger picture. When one is placed on this earth, they begin to question everything about themselves and the world around them. What does it mean for humans to be humans? These questions result in 3 â€Å"answers†: somatic theories, dualist theories, and psychological theories. Somatic theories is pertaining to the body and what makes for the identity is the body that one owns. Dualist theories for personal identity is saying a future person is the same as the current person if we share a soul or mind. The last theory is psychological meaning a future person is the same as the current person if they have the right kind of psychology (the right memories, character, etc.). Personal Identity can be defined as the persistent and continuous unity of the individual person normally attested by continuity of memory with presentShow MoreRelatedThe Missing Aspects of An Utopian Society in The Giver by Louis Lowry883 Words   |  4 Pagesand no war. All the communities are closely bonded together and there is no fear for the future. Peace and order surrounds the world, and everyone is blinded by this utopian country, inhibiting the true clear vision needed. 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